Human VCAM-1 ELISA Kit (96-well)

Specifications

Product Data
Description	Human VCAM-1 ELISA Kit (96-well)
Size	1 x 96 wells
Format	96-well strip plate
Assay Type	Solid Phase Sandwich ELISA
Assay Length	3 hours
Signal	Colorimetric
Curve Range	62.5-4000pg/ml
Sample Type	Cell culture supernatant, serum, plasma (EDTA, citrate, heparin)
Sample Volume	20 uL
Specificity	Natural and recombinant Human VCAM-1 Ligand
Sensitivity	31pg/mL
Reactivity	Human
Interference	No significant interference observed with available related molecules.
Background	Human Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is a 100 - 110 kDa, 715 amino acid (aa) type I transmembrane glycoprotein typically characterized by the presence of seven C2-type immunoglobulin (Ig) domains . Its extracellular region is 674 aa in length, followed by a22 aa transmembrane segment and a 19 aa cytoplasmic tail . In the extracellular region, there are multiple N-linked glycosylation sites (the predicted molecular weight is 80 kDa), and each C2 domain is closed by a disulfide bridge. There is considerable interspecies VCAM-1 homology, with mouse and rat VCAM-1 showing approximately 75% aa identity to humanVCAM-1 . Notably, the short 19 aa cytoplasmic tail is absolutely conserved, mouse to human to rat . Cells expressing mouse VCAM-1 bind both mouse and human leukocytes, and this reflects their high degree of aa identity . A number of variants of VCAM-1 are known to occur, all of which are likely the result of alternate gene splicing. In particular, a human six Ig domain molecule is known , and in rabbits, an eight Ig domain form has been identified . There is also a three-C2 domain, 43 kDa GPI-linked form of VCAM-1 . Although it binds known VCAM-1 ligands (or co-receptors), its function is unclear. Cells known to express VCAM-1 include neurons , endothelial cells , smooth muscle cells , fibroblasts and macrophages . Soluble VCAM-1 has been identified in culture supernates , blood , and cerebrospinal fluid . In vitro, basal levels of VCAM-1 shedding by unstimulated NIH3T3 cells appear to partially require metalloproteinase activity, while PMA-induced shedding is dependent upon the proteolytic activity of TACE/ADAM17 . Functionally, VCAM-1 binds to both a4b1 (VLA-4) and a4b7 (LPAM-1) integrins . These integrins (or VCAM-1 ligands) are expressed on a variety of cells, with VLA-4 found on all leukocytes with the exception of neutrophils . Because of this, VCAM-1/VCAM-1 ligand interactions are undoubtedly key events in the rate and timing of leukocyte extravasation. Other roles proposed for VCAM-1 include the regulation of osteoclastogenesis via a cell-to-cell contact mechanism and the induction of sickle cell adherence to vascular endothelial cells during hypoxemia .
Gene Symbol	VCAM1

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